NORTH IDAHO COLLEGE DIVISION OF NATURAL SCIENCES CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN

GENERAL PRINCIPLES

1. The Chemical Hygiene Plan provides specific laboratory practices designed to minimize the exposure of individuals to hazardous substances. Employees will follow the practices specified in the Chemical Hygiene Plan to minimize their health and safety risks.
   
   
2. It is prudent to minimize all chemical exposures because most laboratory chemicals present hazards of one type or another. Individuals will follow general precautions for handling all laboratory chemicals. Specific guidelines for some chemicals, such as those found in the appropriate safety data sheets (SDS), will also be followed.
   
   
3. Individuals are cautioned against the underestimation of risk; exposure to hazardous substances should be minimized. The decision to use a particular substance will be based on the best available knowledge of each chemical’s particular hazard and the availability of proper handling facilities and equipment. Substitutions, either of chemicals, demonstrations, or experiments, will be made where appropriate to reduce hazards without sacrificing instructional objectives. When the risk outweighs the benefit, and no substitute is available the experiment, demonstration, procedure, or chemical should be eliminated.
   
   
4. The permissible exposure limit (PEL) and threshold limit value (TLV) of a typical chemical used in the laboratory are available on the SDS for that chemical. Individual exposure to hazardous chemicals should not exceed these limits.
   
   
5. The best way to prevent exposure to airborne substances is to prevent their escape into the laboratory by using hoods or other ventilation devices. These devices should be kept in good working order to provide employees with a safe working area.
   
   
6. North Idaho College Division of Natural Sciences should not accept a chemical from a supplier unless it is accompanied by the corresponding All SDSs should be accessible to individuals at all times, and individuals should be trained to read and use the information provided on the SDSs.

A. General

B. Laboratory Procedures

C. Housekeeping Practices

D. Chemical Procurement

E. Storage and Distribution

F. Waste Disposal

G. Spills

General

1. 1. 1. The design of the laboratory facility will provide sufficient space for safe work by the number of persons to be in the laboratory. Exit doors will be clearly marked and free of obstructions to permit quick, safe escape in an emergency.
         
         
      2. Laboratory facilities will be used only by persons with proper qualifications and training. The number of students assigned to the laboratory shall not exceed the number of laboratory stations available. The maximum number of students shall not exceed 24.
         
         
      3. Individuals will follow the Chemical Hygiene Plan to minimize their health and safety risks.
         
         
      4. For safety purposes laboratory facilities will only be used for scheduled laboratory class and not for lectures or any other purpose.
         
         
      5. It is prudent to minimize all chemical exposures, because most laboratory chemicals present hazards of one type or another. Individuals will follow general precautions for handling all laboratory chemicals. Specific guidelines for some chemicals, such as those found in the appropriate SDSs, will also be followed.
         
         
      6. Employees should not underestimate the risk, and exposure to hazardous substances should be minimized. The decision to use a particular substance will be based on the best available knowledge of each chemical’s particular hazard and the availability of proper handling facilities and equipment. Substitutions, either of chemicals or experiments, will be made where appropriate to reduce hazards without sacrificing instructional objectives. When the risk outweighs the benefit, and no substitute is available the experiment, procedure, or chemical should be eliminated.
         
         
      7. Chemicals should not be accepted from a supplier unless it is accompanied by the corresponding SDS, or an SDS from that supplier for that chemical is already on file. All SDSs should be accessible to individuals at all times. Individuals should be trained to read and use the information found on SDSs.
         
         
      8. Generally, textbooks, laboratory manuals, and other instructional materials designate the safety precautions needed for a particular laboratory activity. However, total reliance on such publications to provide complete and accurate information is not advisable. Employees should consult additional references, including Safety Data Sheets, before undertaking an unfamiliar activity.
         
         

Laboratory Procedures

1. Individuals in Laboratories:

1. Eating, drinking, gum chewing, application of cosmetics, manipulation of contact lenses, or other such activities are not to be done in the laboratory.
   
   
2. Conduct yourself in a responsible manner at all times in the laboratory.
   
   
3. Employees should not work alone in the lab or chemical storage area unless other employees are in the vicinity and are aware that someone is in the laboratory.
   
   
4. “Wafting” to test chemical odors should only be done with extreme caution and when only specifically directed to do so in the written experimental procedure. Also, chemicals should never be tasted.
   
   
5. Never pipette by Always use a bulb or other device for suction.
   
   
6. Do not force glass tubing into rubber Lubricate the glass and hold the tubing with a cloth towel as the tubing is inserted into the stopper.
   
   
7. Proper Bunsen burner procedures shall be Never leave a flame unattended.
   
   
8. Dress appropriately for laboratory There should be no bare skin exposed, except for your head above your neck and your arms below the bicep. Closed-toe shoes are required. There are no exceptions. Confine or tie back long hair.
   
   
9. Should a fire drill or any other evacuation occur during a lab activity, turn off all Bunsen burners and electrical Leave the room as directed.
   
   
10. Remember hot glass looks like cold glass, and glass remains hot for a long time. Determine if an object is hot by bringing your hand close to the object but do not touch the object.
    
    
11. Careful storage and handling procedures should be used to avoid glassware breakage. In the event of breakage, protection for the hands should be worn when picking up the broken pieces. Small pieces should be swept up with a brush and pan. Broken glass should be separated from other waste by placing it in a special container marked Broken Glass.
    Broken glass contaminated with chemicals must be treated as hazardous Broken glass contaminated with a biohazard must be treated as biohazardous waste.
    
    
12. The quantities of flammable liquids used in the laboratory shall not exceed the amount that can be consumed during scheduled

2. Students in the laboratory:

1. Must read lab directions ahead of time and follow all verbal and written instructions.
   
   
2. Shall only perform authorized experiments.
   
   
3. Shall report all accidents or injuries to the instructor at once, no matter how trivial it may seem.
   
   
4. Shall only work in a laboratory or chemical storage area under the direct supervision of an instructor or employee.

Housekeeping Practices

1. Individuals in the laboratory:

1. All laboratory areas must be kept clean.
   
   
2. Place all wastes in appropriate, segregated receptacles that are properly labeled.
   
   
3. Sinks are to be used only for disposal of water and those solutions designated by the Other solutions must be placed in the appropriate labeled waste container.
   
   
4. Tabletops are to be swept clean and washed at the end of the lab activity.
   
   
5. Clean up all chemical spills as soon as they occur in compliance with section “G. Spills Chemicals and cleanup materials should be disposed of correctly.
   
   
6. Never block access to emergency equipment, showers, eyewashes, or exits.
   
   
7. Store chemicals and equipment properly. Chemicals should not be stored in aisles, on the floor, in stairwells, on desks, or laboratory tables.
   
   
8. Before leaving the laboratory, turn off services (gas, electricity, water).
   
   
9. Keep all cabinets and drawers closed when not in use to avoid catching and bumping hazards.
   
   
10. Floors should be cleaned

Students in the laboratory.

1. Students should minimize items that are used in the work

Chemical Procurement

1. The purchasing of chemicals should be guided by the maxim that less is The lower the chemical inventory, the fewer the problems associated with storage, and the less likely that North Idaho College Division of Natural Sciences will face excessive costs to dispose of outdated or surplus chemicals.
   
   
2. Chemicals should be ordered in quantities that are likely to be consumed in five years and should be purchased only in the quantity sufficient for the declared use.
   
   
3. All chemicals should be in tightly closed, sturdy, and appropriate containers.
   
   
4. A chemical should not be accepted without the safety data sheet and an adequate identifying label.
   
   
5. When a chemical is received, proper handling, storage, and disposal should be known.
   
   
6. The container should be marked with the received date, the Tare Weight, and the full level.
   
   
7. The chemical inventory list will be updated each time a chemical is received or disposed of.
   
   
8. Donated chemicals should be accepted only after approval is obtained from the Chemical Hygiene It should be established that the donated chemical is in excellent condition, that an appropriate SDS is available, and that there is a specific use for the donated material.

Storage and Distribution

1. All chemicals should be in tightly closed, sturdy, and appropriate containers.
   
   
2. If the chemical has been transferred to a secondary container, the new container should be appropriately labeled, including all of the hazard information.
   
   
3. Chemicals should be stored based on the reactive nature and compatibility group of the chemical.
   
   
4. Large containers and containers with reactive chemicals, such as acids and bases, should be on low shelves.
   
   
5. The classification system used for the storage of chemicals should be displayed in the principal storage area.
   
   
6. Flammable chemicals shall be stored in approved storage containers and in approved flammable chemical storage cabinets.
   
   
7. Combustible packaging material should not be stored near flammable chemical storage cabinets.
   
   
8. All storage areas should be securely locked when not in Storage and preparation areas should be accessible only to those persons authorized to use the chemicals.
   
   
9. Glass bottles containing highly flammable liquids (Class 1A) shall not exceed 500 For larger volumes, metal or approved plastic may not exceed 1 gallon, and safety cans shall not exceed 2 gallons.
   
   
10. Chemicals should not be distributed to other persons or to other areas of the school without the prior approval of the Chemical Hygiene Chemicals should not be transferred to another location without the simultaneous transfer of a copy of the appropriate safety data sheet, nor should they be transferred without the person receiving the chemicals having had an appropriate training in their use, storage, and disposal.
    
    
11. Household refrigerators are not to be used to store flammable chemicals.
    
    
12. Refrigerators used to store flammable chemicals shall be labeled and shall be of explosion proof or of lab safe design.
    
    
13. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards and NFPA Guidelines or local fire regulations should be consulted on the proper use of flammable chemicals in the laboratory.
    
    
14. Compressed Gases

1. 1. A compressed gas is defined as any material or mixture having in the container either an absolute pressure greater than 276 kPa (40 lb/in 2) at 21 °C, or an absolute pressure greater than 717 kPa (104 lb/in 2) at 54 °C or both, or any liquid flammable material having a Reid vapor pressure greater than 276 kPa (40 lb/in 2) at 38 °C.
      
      
   2. Gas cylinders should only be moved from one location to another with the protective cap securely in place.
      
      
   3. Both full and empty cylinders should only be stored where they may be securely restrained by straps, chains, or a suitable stand.
      
      
   4. A cylinder should be considered empty when there is still a slight positive pressure.
      
      
   5. An empty cylinder should be returned to the supplier as soon as possible after having been emptied or when it is no longer needed.
      
      
   6. Cylinders should not be exposed to temperatures above 50 °C.
      
      
   7. Store flammable gases separately from oxidizer

Waste Disposal

1. North Idaho College Division of Natural Sciences and the Chemical Hygiene Officer shall ensure that the disposal of laboratory chemicals is in compliance with local, state, and federal regulations.
   
   
2. North Idaho College Division of Natural Sciences and the Chemical Hygiene Officer shall ensure that drain disposal of laboratory chemicals is in compliance with all local, state, and federal regulations.
   
   
3. North Idaho College Division of Natural Sciences is a Very Small Quantity Generator (VSQG) of hazardous waste and must generate, in each and every calendar month, less than:

1. 1. 100 kg of hazardous waste
   2. 1 kg of acutely hazardous waste
   3. 1000 kg of hazardous waste at any time

4. Guidelines for waste minimization:

1. 1. Individuals shall minimize generation of hazardous wastes (microscale labs, selecting less hazardous materials, etc.).
      
      
   2. Chemicals should be ordered in quantities that are likely to be consumed in five years or less.
      
      
   3. Avoid the inadvertent accumulation of hazardous Potential waste materials are surplus, old, and/or unnecessary chemicals. Every attempt must be made to avoid accumulating such chemicals.
      
      
   4. Prior to ordering new chemicals, using existing chemicals, or creating products from reactions, employees shall determine if the material will need to be treated as hazardous waste.

5. Guidelines for hazardous waste disposal:

1. 1. Flammable, combustible, water-immiscible materials, or water soluble solutions of toxic substances shall not be poured down the drain.
      
      
   2. Separate waste containers should be provided for heavy metal compounds, halogenated hydrocarbons, and non-halogenated hydrocarbons. Separation of wastes in this manner will make disposal less costly.
      
      
   3. Waste chemicals should be stored in appropriately labeled containers, inside secondary containment.
      
      
   4. Hazardous wastes should never be placed in the common solid trash container.
      
      
   5. All waste containers should have an up-to-date log of the material that is in the container. When any material is added to the container, the chemical name, the amount of the chemical, the date, and the initials of the individual adding the hazardous chemical, shall be recorded in the log for that container.
      
      
   6. Upon completion of the laboratory activity, the waste containers shall be returned to the preparation room. Waste materials should not be stored in the laboratory.
      
      
   7. When the waste containers become full, the containers shall be transferred to a designated waste storage area within three (3)

Spills

1. If the chemical involved in the spill is judged to present an immediate hazard, evacuation is to be absolute, and the area should be isolated until a HAZMAT team arrives.

2. If hazardous vapors are present, the area should be Only persons trained in the use of respirators may enter the area. This will frequently mean waiting for the arrival of a HAZMAT team.

3. If a volatile, flammable material is spilled, immediately extinguish flames, turn off all electrical apparatus, and evacuate the area. Consult the SDS for appropriate cleanup procedures. If the quantity exceeds the employee’s ability or training to handle the spill, seal the area until appropriately trained personnel arrive.

4. If there is no immediate danger (flammability, toxicity, reactivity, corrosivity) to personnel, containment should be accomplished by use of spill pillows, towels, rolls, or other devices that will keep the spill from spreading.

5. If there is no immediate danger, cleanup procedures listed on the SDS should be Appropriate personal protective equipment shall be used.

6. A spill kit should be accessible for each science The kit typically includes:
   
   
   1. Spill control pillows
      
      
   2. absorbents such as vermiculite, clay, sand, or kitty litter
      
      
   3. Neutralizing agents for acid spills such as sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate
      
      
   4. Neutralizing agent for alkali spills such as citric acid.
      
      
   5. Quantities of cleanup materials sufficient for the largest anticipated spill.
      
      
   6. Large plastic scoops and other equipment such as brooms, pails, bags, and dust pans.
      
      
   7. Appropriate personal protective equipment
      
      
7. If the spill material was a hazardous chemical, all of the materials involved in the cleanup will usually be considered to be hazardous waste and must be disposed of as such.
   
   
8. If a major spill occurs (cannot be cleaned-up safely by yourself), cleanup shall only be undertaken by individuals who are trained in HAZMAT procedures.

A.   Personal Protective Equipment

1. It is the responsibility of North Idaho College Division of Natural Sciences to provide appropriate safety and emergency equipment for employees and students and ensure proper preventative maintenance is performed.
   
   
2. Protective apparel shall be compatible with the required degree of protection for the substances being handled.
   
   
3. Laboratory aprons or coats, eye protection, and non-permeable gloves are considered standard equipment for college laboratory programs and should be readily available to individuals.
   
   
4. All eye protection devices should conform to ANSI Standard 1-2015.  Eyeglasses, even with side shields, are not acceptable protection against chemical splashes. All goggles will be designated with the proper designation.
   
   
5. Chemical splash safety goggles should be used as the standard protective eyewear. Such goggles should fit the face surrounding the eyes snugly to protect the eyes from a variety of hazards.
   
   
6. Any experiment that involves heating or the use of chemicals, or glassware shall require the use of chemical splash safety goggles. The goggles also serve to reduce dust and fumes from reaching the eye.
   
   
7. The use of contact lenses are strongly discouraged in the If contact lenses are permitted, chemical splash goggles must be worn at all times.
   
   
8. Full face shields protect the face and throat and must be worn for protection when there is a likely risk of injury from flying particles and harmful chemical splashes. A full face shield should also be worn when an operation involves a pressurized system that may explode or an evacuated system that may For full protection, safety goggles must be worn with the face shield.
   
   
9. Standing shields should be used when there is a potential for explosions, implosions, or splashes, or when corrosive liquids are Goggles should be worn whenever using a standing shield.
   
   
10. A standing shield should be used for group protection from chemical splash and The standing safety shield should be used with safety goggles and, if appropriate, with a face shield.
    
    
11. Lab coats or aprons worn in the laboratory should offer protection from splashes and spills, and should be easy to remove in case of an accident, and should be fire resistant.
    
    
12. When gloves are required, no one kind of glove is suitable for all The SDS should be consulted for information regarding the proper type of gloves to be used.

Administrative Controls

1. Inventory Control

1. A chemical inventory will be updated each time a chemical is received or disposed The chemical inventory list should be audited for accuracy at least annually.
   
   
2. The chemical inventory list should contain the following information about each chemical found in storage: the chemical name, location, the date purchased, the amount present, the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number, and the expiration date for possible disposal.
   
   
3. Every area in which chemicals are used or stored should have an up- to-date inventory.
   
   
4. A printed copy of the most recent inventory should be kept by the chemistry lab technician and by the chemical hygiene officer.

2. Hazard Identification and Labels

1. Labels on incoming containers of hazardous chemicals are not to be removed or defaced.
   
   
2. Laboratory chemicals should be properly labeled to identify any hazards associated with them for the employee’s information and protection.
   
   
3. If a chemical is stored in its original bottle, it should have the manufacturer’s original label identifying potential hazards, and the date of purchase, and the date opened unless damaged beyond use.
   
   
4. If a chemical has been transferred to a secondary container, the new container should be appropriately labeled with the chemical name, formula, concentration (if in solution), solvent (if in solution), and hazard warnings following the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) standard.
   
   
5. Unlabeled bottles should not be opened, and such materials should be disposed of promptly, as outlined in the section on disposal procedures.

3. Signs and Posters

1. Emergency telephone numbers shall be posted in all laboratory areas.
   
   
2. Signs shall be used to indicate the location of exits, evacuation routes, safety showers, eyewash stations, fire extinguishers, fire blankets, first aid kits, fume hoods, and other safety equipment.
   
   
3. Warnings at areas or equipment where special or unusual hazards exist shall be posted.
   
   
4. Posters to reinforce laboratory safety procedures should be displayed in the laboratory and the classroom.

4. Safety Data Sheets

1. Each SDS received with incoming shipments of chemicals should be maintained and made readily available to laboratory individuals.
   
   
2. The safety data sheets for each chemical in the laboratory usually give recommended limits or OSHA - mandated limits, or both, as guidelines to exposure limits. Typical limits are expressed as threshold limit values (TLVs), permissible exposure limits (PELs), or action levels. When such limits are stated, that limit, along with any other information about the hazardous characteristics of the chemical, should be used to set laboratory guidelines. These laboratory guidelines may be used in determining the safety precautions, control measures, and personal protective equipment that apply when working with the hazardous chemical.
   
   
3. A safety data sheet for each compound on the chemical inventory should be available in the department, except for those chemicals that predate the laboratory Safety data sheets can often be obtained by requesting them from companies that currently sell the chemicals. Chemical manufacturers and suppliers are required to supply one copy of a safety data sheet the first time the chemical is purchased by the institution.

5. Records

1. Chemical Inventory Records
   
   
   1. An inventory of all chemicals shall be conducted annually and chemical usage determined.
      
      
   2. The chemical hygiene officer shall retain a copy of the chemical inventory.
      
      
2. Inspection Records
   
   
   1. Reports must be completed and retained by the chemical hygiene officer.
      
      
   2. Safety equipment should be tagged to indicate the date and the results of the last inspection.
      
      
   3. Records indicating the dates of repairs shall be kept.
      
      
3. Training Records
   
   North Idaho College Division of Natural Sciences should maintain records of employee training for at least 30 years, and they should be made available to employees.
   
   
4. Incident Report
   
   Accident reports must be completed for any incident. Copies are to be retained by the chemical hygiene officer. These reports must also go to the Natural Sciences Division Chair and Human Resources.
   
   
5. Medical and Exposure Records
   
   Records of air concentration monitoring, exposure assessments, medical consultations, and medical examinations must be kept for at least 30 years after the employee ceases employment with North Idaho College.
   
   
6. Waste Disposal Records
   
   North Idaho College Division of Natural Sciences shall retain records of disposal of hazardous waste.
   
   
7. SDSs
   
   North Idaho College Division of Natural Sciences will maintain a file of SDSs and should make them accessible to employees and students. If an SDS is not available when a new chemical is received, that chemical should not be used until a SDS is obtained.

6. Exposure Monitoring

1. If there is reason to believe that exposure levels for a regulated substance have exceeded the action level or permissible exposure limit, the chemical hygiene officer should ensure that the employee or student exposure to that substance is measured.
   
   
2. Factors which may raise the possibility of overexposure and therefore warrant an initial measurement of employee or student exposure include:
   
   1. The manner in which the chemical procedures or operations involving the particular substances are conducted.
   2. The existence of historical monitoring data that shows elevated exposures to the particular substance for similar operations.
   3. The use of a procedure that involves significant quantities or is performed over an extended period of time.
   4. There is reason to believe that an exposure limit may be exceeded.
   5. Signs or symptoms of exposure (e.g., skin or eye irritation, shortness of breath, nausea, or headache), which are experienced by employees or students. (Some of these symptoms are very general and can be due to many other causes including emotional stress or panic.)
      
      
3. If a substance has an exposure monitoring requirement and if there is reason to believe that exposure levels for that substance routinely exceed the action level or in the absence of the action level, the PEL, the employer shall measure the employee or student exposure to the substance.
   
   
4. If the initial monitoring (described in above) discloses employee exposure over the action level or in the absence of an action level, the PEL, the employer shall immediately comply with the exposure monitoring provisions of the relevant standard for that substance.
   
   
5. The employer shall, within 15 working days after the receipt of any monitoring results, notify the employee or student of these results in writing either individually or by posting the results in an appropriate location that is accessible to employees.
   
   
6. The following substances are regulated by OSHA standards and require monitoring: lead, benzene, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, acrylonitrile, ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, asbestos, vinyl chloride, and inorganic arsenic.

A. Equipment

1. North Idaho College Division of Natural Sciences will ensure that proper emergency equipment is available in the laboratory and inspected periodically to ensure that it is functioning properly. All employees should be properly trained in the use of each item.

2. Emergency equipment items that should be available include: eyewash station, fire extinguisher of the appropriate type, safety shower, telephone for emergencies, fire blanket, and identification signs.

3. Each laboratory should have immediate access to a standard first aid kit stocked according to college policy.

4. Multipurpose fire extinguishers should be available in the A multipurpose, ABC, fire extinguisher, can be used on all fires EXCEPT for class D fires. Extinguishers should be visually checked monthly and inspected and tested annually.

5. Every eye wash station will be capable of supplying a continuous flow of aerated, tepid, potable water to both eyes for at least 15 minutes. The valve should remain in the open position without the need to hold the valve. (ANSI Z358.1-1990)

6. Safety showers should be capable of supplying a continuous flow of tepid potable water for at least 15 The shower should have a quick - opening valve requiring manual closing. (ANSI Z358.1-1990)

7. Eye wash stations and safety shower stations shall be located so they will be accessible within 10 seconds. (ANSI Z358.1-1998)

8. A record of safety equipment inspections should be kept showing the date, inspector, and results.

9. Laboratories in which hazardous substances are being used should have spill control kits tailored to deal with the potential risk associated with the materials being If there is no immediate danger to employees or students, containment should be accomplished by spill pillows, towels, rolls, inert absorbents, neutralizing agents, or other devices.

10. Each storeroom shall be equipped with a heat sensor and smoke

B. Facilities

1.  fume hoods

1. Laboratory fume hoods are the most important components used to protect laboratory employees and students from exposure to hazardous chemicals and agents used in the laboratory. Functionally, a standard fume hood is a fire and chemical resistant enclosure with one opening (face) in the front with a movable window (sash) to allow user access into the Large volumes of air are drawn through the face and out the top to contain and remove contaminants from the laboratory.
   
   
2. Laboratory fume hoods are not meant for either storage or disposal of If a hood must be used for storage, in order to provide adequate ventilation for flammable chemicals, for example, it must not be used for laboratory experiments or transfer of chemicals. In that event, it must be used only for storage.
   
   
3. Laboratory activities that may release airborne contaminants above the Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) or Thresholds Limit Value (TLV) concentrations must be carried out in the fume hood. Also, if laboratory activities produce potentially hazardous vapors or gaseous substances, the laboratory activities should be conducted in the fume hood.
   
   
4. In most cases, the recommended face velocity is between 80 and 100 feet per minute (fpm).
   
   
5. Fume hoods should be positioned in the laboratory so that air currents do not draw fumes from the hood into the room.
   
   
6. The exhaust stack from a fume hood shall be in a vertical-up adjacent buildings to avoid reentry of the exhaust into the (ANSI/AIHA Z9.5 – 1992)
   
   
7. Fume hoods or other local ventilation devices should be used when working with any appreciably volatile substance with a TLV of less than 50 ppm.
   
   
8. All biohazard and fume hoods shall be inspected annually and certified. Any hood not passing inspection must be taken out of service immediately and not be used until such time as the hood has passed inspection. It is the responsibility of the employer to purchase the parts and replace the unit in a timely fashion so as not to endanger the health and wellbeing of the employee or place the facility at risk.
   
   
9. Fume hood air velocity should be tested four times per year.

2.  Ventilation

1. General laboratory ventilation should not be relied on for protection from exposure to hazardous chemicals. A rate of 4 - 12 room air exchanges per hour should be the accepted standard when local exhaust systems, such as hoods, are used as the primary method of control.
   
   
2. Laboratory airflow should not be turbulent and should flow continuously throughout the laboratory.
   
   
3. Any alteration of the ventilation system should be made only if thorough testing indicates that employee and student protection from airborne toxic substances will continue to be adequate.
   
   
4. Exhaust from the fume hoods should be vented directly to the outside and filtered.
   
   
5. Laboratory air exchange should be 100% outside

3.  Flammable Storage

1. Chemicals with a flash point below 93.3 ° C (200 ° F) should be considered “fire hazard chemicals”. Any chemical whose SDS or label states “Flammable” is in this category.
   
   
2. Fire hazard chemicals in excess of 500 mL should be stored in a flammable solvent storage area, safety cans, or in storage cabinets designed for flammable materials.
   
   
3. Flammable materials should be stored in a flammable liquid storage cabinet or other appropriate location. When transferring significant quantities of flammable liquids from one container to another, it is particularly important that the containers be properly grounded to prevent accidental ignition of flammable vapors and liquids from static electricity or other sources of ignition. Large quantities of flammable chemicals stored outside cabinets should be in flame-proof storage cans which conform to NFPA guidelines. NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids code, and NFPA 45, Fire protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals, and/or the applicable local fire codes should be followed.
   
   

4.  Electrical

1. All electrical outlets should have a grounding connection accommodating a three prong plug.
   
   
2. All laboratories should have circuit breakers readily accessible. Employees should know how to cut-off electricity to the laboratory in case of emergency.
   
   
3. Laboratory lighting should be on a separate circuit from electrical outlets.
   
   
4. All electrical outlets should be checked for continuity after initial occupancy or whenever electrical maintenance or changes occur.
   
   
5. If electrical equipment shows evidence of undue heating, it should be immediately unplugged and assessed.
   
   
6. Install ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs) as required by code to protect users from electrical shock, particularly if an electrical device is hand held during a laboratory operation.

A. Training for Employees

1. General
   1. The employer shall provide employees with information and training to ensure that they are apprised of the hazards of chemicals present in their work area.
      
      
   2. Such information shall be provided at the time of the employee’s initial assignment to a work area where hazardous chemicals are present and prior to assignments involving to exposure The frequency of refresher information and training shall be determined by the employer.
      
      
2. The objective of the employee training and information program is to assure that all individuals who may use chemicals or enter spaces where chemicals are used are adequately informed about the physical and health hazards associated with hazardous chemicals present in the laboratory, the proper procedures to minimize risk of exposure, and the proper response to accidents.
   
   
3. North Idaho College Division of Natural Sciences shall provide training opportunities to include information about the hazards of chemicals present in the laboratory and sources of information concerning hazards in the laboratory. In particular, the training program should cover the laboratory standard, safety data sheets, the chemical hygiene plan, and the responsibilities of the employee.
   
   
4. Employees should be trained on the potential chemical hazards in the employees’ work areas and on appropriate sections of the chemical hygiene plan. This training should be provided to all employees who actually work in the laboratory as well as to other employees whose assignments may require that they enter a laboratory where exposure to hazardous chemicals might occur. Employees who are responsible for receiving and handling shipments of new chemicals or chemical wastes should also be informed of the potential hazards and appropriate protective measures for chemicals they may receive.
   
   
5. Laboratory employees should be trained on the applicable details of the chemical hygiene plan, including a review of the general rules of laboratory safety. The training program should describe appropriate sections of the standard operating procedures, particularly those procedures that require prior approval of the chemical hygiene officer.
   
   
6. The training an employee receives should be determined by the nature of the work assignment in the laboratory.
   
   
7. Employees should be trained in measures they may take to protect themselves from exposure to hazardous chemicals, including the location and proper use of protective equipment and emergency equipment. In addition, the training must also include a discussion of inventory procedures to be followed, proper storage and ordering rules, and hazardous waste disposal procedures.
   
   
8. All laboratory employees will be trained to read and understand
   
   
9. All employees shall be trained in labeling and storage practices as outlined in the chemical hygiene plan.
   
   
10. All employees should be trained in the methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of hazardous chemicals.

B. Training for Students

1. Instruction in laboratory safety will be provided to all students involved in laboratory activities.
   
   
2. The extent of student training should be based on their knowledge level, course of study, the laboratory facility, college policies, the chemical hygiene plan, and the level of chemical handling and potential exposure to hazardous chemicals.
   
   
3. Safety training should include the importance and the content of the label and of safety data sheets. As appropriate, the student should also be introduced to other sources of chemical safety information.

C. Information

1. Employees shall be informed of the content of the “Laboratory Standard”, 29 CFR Part 1910.

2. Employees shall be informed of the location and availability of the chemical hygiene plan.

3. Employees shall be informed of the permissible exposure limits for OSHA regulated substances on site or recommended exposure limits for other hazardous chemicals on site where there is no applicable OSHA standard.

4. Employees shall be informed of the location and availability of known reference material on the hazards, safe handling, storage and disposal of hazardous chemicals where there is no applicable OSHA standard.

5. Employees shall be informed of the location of safety data sheets.

6. Employees shall be informed of the location of personal protective equipment and of emergency equipment as outlined in the chemical hygiene plan.

7. Employees shall be informed of the signs and symptoms associated with exposures to hazardous chemicals used in the laboratory.

V.  Prior Approval

1. Prior approval will be obtained from the chemical hygiene officer whenever a new laboratory experiment or test is to be carried out. This prior approval should also be sought for experiments that have not been performed recently or for which the potential for harm is The potential for harm may be affected by a change in the amounts of materials being used, the conditions under which the experiment is to be conducted, or the substitution, deletion, or addition of a chemical.
   
   
2. Prior approval before doing any procedure should be obtained where one or more of the following conditions exist:
   
   
   1. Potential for a rapid rise in temperature
      
      
   2. Potential for a rapid increase in pressure
      
      
   3. Use of a flammable solvent
      
      
   4. Potential for a chemical explosion
      
      
   5. Potential for spontaneous combustion
      
      
   6. Potential for the emission of toxic gasses that could produce concentrations in the air that exceed toxic limits.
      
      
   7. Change in a procedure, even if the change is
      
      
   8. Use of highly toxic substances.
      
      
3. Chemicals should not be distributed to other persons or to other areas of the school without the prior approval of the chemical hygiene Chemicals should not be transferred to another location without the simultaneous transfer of a copy of the appropriate safety data sheet, nor should they be transferred without the person receiving the chemicals having had an appropriate training in their use, storage, and disposal.
   
   
4. Donated chemicals will only be accepted after approval is obtained from the Chemical Hygiene Officer, who will establish that the donated chemical is in excellent condition, that an appropriate SDS is available, and that there is a specific use for the donated material.
   
   
5. A list of acceptable reagents should be developed for use in the laboratory. An employee who desires to use a substance that is not on the acceptable list must seek the permission of the chemical hygiene officer for Natural Sciences. The decision to use the chemical will be based on the best available knowledge of the hazards of the substance and the availability of proper handling facilities and The written request should include the following information:
   
   
1. Use of the chemical is pedagogically sound.
   
   
2. Use of the substance is an effective method to illustrate an important process, property, or concept.
   
   
3. Adequate safeguards are in place to assure proper use of the substance.
   
   
4. Exposure time of the employees and students to the substance.
   
   
5. Permissible exposure limit and threshold limit value of the substance.
   
   
6. Students shall only work in a laboratory or chemical storage area under the direct supervision of an instructor or employee.

Medical Consultation and Medical Examinations

1. School laboratory employees do not regularly handle significant quantities of materials that are acutely or chronically toxic. Therefore, regular medical surveillance is not justified.
   
   
2. In the event that an employee is exposed to levels of a hazardous chemical exceeding the established PEL or TLV, or should the employee exhibit signs or symptoms of such exposure, the employee shall be provided an opportunity to receive an appropriate medical examination.
   
   
3. All medical examinations and consultations shall be performed by or under the direct supervision of a licensed physician and shall be provided without cost to the employee, without loss of pay, and at a reasonable time and place.
   
   
4. The employer shall provide the following information to the physician conducting the examination.
   
   
1. The identity of the hazardous chemical(s) to which the employee may have been exposed.
   
   
2. A description of the conditions under which the exposure occurred, including quantitative exposure data if available.
   
   
3. A description of the signs and symptoms of exposure that the employee is Experiencing.
   
   
4. A copy of the SDSs for the chemicals(s) involved.
   
   
5. A written opinion from the examining physician for any consultations or examinations performed under this standard should include:
   
   
1. Any recommendation for further medical attention.
   
   
2. The results of the medical examination and any associated tests.
   
   
3. Any medical condition revealed during the examination which might compromise employee safety during, or as a result of, exposure to hazardous chemicals found in the workplace.
   
   
4. A statement that the employee has been informed by the physician of the results of the consultation or examination and any medical condition that may require further examination or treatment.
   
   
5. A copy of the physician’s report to be retained by the employer.
   
   
6. The written opinion from the physician should not reveal specific diagnoses unrelated to the occupational exposure.

Responsibilities

1. Chief Executive Officer
   
   
   1. Under the OSHA Laboratory Standard, the President of the college has ultimate responsibility for the implementation of this plan, and must, with other administrators, provide continuing support for institutional chemical hygiene.
      
      
2. Chemical Hygiene Officer for Natural Sciences
   
   
   1. The Chemical Hygiene Officer should be qualified by training and experience to provide technical guidance in the development and implementation of the Chemical Hygiene Plan.
      
      
   2. The Chemical Hygiene Officer has the responsibility to:
      
      
      1. Develop and implement the chemical hygiene plan and the safety plan for North Idaho College Division of Natural Sciences, including training, reporting, and other functions.
         
         
      2. Work with administrators and employees to develop and implement the safety program.
         
         
      3. Assure that inspections in the laboratory are performed when appropriate and that records of inspections are maintained.
         
         
      4. Monitor the procurement, use, and disposal of chemicals used in the college’s laboratory programs.
         
         
      5. Provide technical assistance to the college, employees and students on the chemical hygiene plan .
         
         
      6. Assure that the chemical hygiene plan is reviewed annually and revised as needed, so that it is always in compliance with current legal requirements.
         
         
      7. Make decisions regarding requests to use chemicals identified as explosive, carcinogenic, mutagenic, highly toxic, or otherwise unsuitable for general college laboratories.
         
         
      8. Determine the need for personal equipment beyond that specified for general laboratory use.
         
         
      9. Implement appropriate training with regard to chemical hygiene for all individuals whose normal work locations include laboratory
         
         
      10. Ensure that individuals have received appropriate
          
          
      11. Ensure that individuals have access to the chemical hygiene plan SDSs, and other suitable reference materials.
          
          
      12. Develop and implement Standard Operating Procedure’s (SOP’s) pertaining to specific protocol’s.
          
          
3. Natural Sciences Division Chair
   
   
   1. The Division Chair is responsible for the chemical hygiene program within the division. The Division Chair shall monitor compliance with the chemical hygiene plan. The Division Chair is also responsible for enforcement of all federal state, and local health, safety, and environmental regulations and policies as applicable to their division.
      
      
4. College Employees
   
   
   1. College employees, who normally work in a laboratory, are responsible for:
      
      
      1. Participating in training programs provided by the college.
         
         
      2. Maintaining awareness of health and safety hazards.
         
         
      3. c. Planning and conducting each operation in accordance with the chemical hygiene plan procedures and any applicable SOP’s.
         
         
      4. Consulting reference materials, including SDSs, related to chemical safety where appropriate.
         
         
      5. Using and modeling good personal chemical hygiene habits.
         
         
      6. Reporting accidents, injuries, unsafe practices, and unsafe conditions.
         
         
5. Students
   
   
   1. Students should practice good personal hygiene habits. They should report accidents and maintain an awareness of health and safety hazards. Students should conduct all activities according to the chemical hygiene plan procedures.

1. General

1. This section of the Chemical Hygiene Plan describes the specific and general control measures which are designed to reduce the exposure of instructors, aides, students, and other employees to especially hazardous substances. Employees should read and understand these practices before commencing a procedure using particularly hazardous substances.
   
   
2. PHSs include highly toxic chemicals, reproductive toxins, and select carcinogens. In addition, North Idaho College Division of Natural Sciences includes highly flammable chemicals, highly reactive chemicals, and highly corrosive chemicals.
   
   
3. The use of these substances requires prior approval of the Chemical Hygiene Officer.
   
   
4. PHSs shall be used in designated areas and in fume hoods.
   
   
5. The use of PHSs shall require removal of contaminated waste and the decontamination of contaminated areas.
   
   

2. Highly Toxic Chemicals

1. When a PEL or TLV value is less than 50 ppm or 100 mg/m3, the user should use it in an operating fume hood, glove box, vacuum line, or other device equipped with appropriate traps. If none is available, no work should be performed using the chemical.
   
   
2. If a PEL, TLV, or comparable value is not available, the animal or human median inhalation lethal concentration information, LC 50, should be used as a guideline. If that value is less than 200 ppm or 2000 mg/m3 when administered continuously for one hour or less, then the chemical should be used in an operating fume hood, glove box, vacuum line, or other device equipped with appropriate traps. If none are available, no work should be performed using that chemical.
   
   
3. Examples of highly toxic chemicals (acute or chronic) that were commonly used in the past are benzene, chloroform, formaldehyde, bromine, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, cyanide salts, and hydrofluoric acid.
   
   

3. Highly Flammable Chemicals

1. North Idaho College Division of Natural Sciences will define Class 1A liquids as highly flammable chemicals. Class 1A liquids have a flashpoint of less than 73 ° C and a boiling point of less than 100 ° C.
   
   
2. Examples of highly flammable chemicals are diethyl ether, acetone, pentane, petroleum ether, acetaldehyde, and ligroines.
   
   

4. Highly Reactive Chemicals

1. Reactivity information may be given in a manufacturers’ SDSs and on labels. The most complete and reliable reference on chemical reactivity is the current edition of Bretherick’s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards.
   
   
2. A reactive chemical is one that:
   
   
   1. Is described as such on the label, in the SDS, or by Bretherick.
      
      
   2. Is ranked by the NFPA as 3 or 4 for reactivity.
      
      
   3. Is identified by the Department of Transportation (DOT) as an oxidizer, an organic peroxide, or an explosive (Class A, B, or C).
      
      
   4. Fits the Environmental Protection Agency definition of reactive in 40 CFR 261.23.
      
      
   5. Is known or found to be reactive with other substances.
      
      
3. Reactive chemicals should be handled with all proper safety precautions, including segregation in storage, and prohibition of mixing even small quantities with other chemicals without prior approval and appropriate personal protection and precautions.
   
   
4. Examples of commonly encountered highly reactive chemicals are ammonium dichromate, nitric acid, perchloric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and potassium chlorate, azides, organic nitrates, and acetylides.
   
   

5. Highly Corrosive Chemicals and Contact Hazard Chemicals

1. Corrosivity, allergen, and sensitizer information is provided in manufacturers’ SDSs and on labels.
   
   
2. A corrosive chemical is one that:
   
   
   1. Fits the OSHA definition of corrosive in 29 CFR 1910. 1200
      
      
   2. Fits the EPA definition of corrosive in 40 CFR 262.22 (has a pH greater than 12 or a pH less than 2.5)
      
      
   3. Is known to be reactive to living tissue, causing visible destruction, or irreversible alterations of the tissue at the site of contact.
      
      
3. A contact - hazard chemical is an allergen or sensitizer that:
   
   
   1. Is so identified or described in the SDS or on the label.
      
      
   2. Is so identified or described in medical or industrial hygiene literature.
      
      
   3. Is known to be an allergen or sensitizer.
      
      
4. Corrosive and contact hazard chemicals will be handled with all proper safety precautions, including wearing safety goggles, using gloves tested for the absence of pinholes and known to be resistant to permeation or penetration by the chemical, and wearing a laboratory apron or laboratory coat.
   
   
5. Examples of highly corrosive chemicals are hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric, phosphoric, and perchloric acids (all acids in greater than 1 Molar concentration), and potassium hydroxide (either solid or in aqueous solution greater than 1 Molar concentration).
   
   

6. Teratogens

1. A teratogen refers to chemicals which affect reproductive capabilities including chromosomal damage (mutations) and which effect fetuses (teratogenesis).
   
   
2. A teratogen is a compound that:
   
   
   1. Is described as such in the applicable SDS or label.
      
      
   2. Is identified as such by the Oak Ridge Toxicology Information Resource Center.
      
      
3. If such chemicals are used:
   
   
   1. They should be handled only in a hood and when satisfactory performance of the hood has been confirmed.
      
      
   2. Skin contact should be avoided by using gloves and wearing protective apparel.
      
      
   3. Persons using such substances should always wash hands and arms immediately after working with these materials.
      
      
   4. Unbreakable containers of these substances should be stored in a well ventilated area and will be labeled properly.
      
      
4. Examples of teratogens are organomercurial compounds and ethidium bromide, carbon disulfide, xylene, toluene, benzene, mercury, lead compounds, ethyl ethers, vinyl chloride.
   
   

7. Select Carcinogens

1. Select carcinogen means any substance which meets one of the following criteria:
   
   
   1. It is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen.
      
      
   2. It is listed under the category, “known to be carcinogens,” in the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Annual Reports on Carcinogens.
      
      
   3. It is listed under Group 1 “carcinogenic to humans” by the International Agency for Research on Cancer Monograms (IARC).
      
      
   4. It is listed in either Group 2 A or 2 B by IARC or under the category “reasonably anticipated to be carcinogens” and causes statistically significant tumor incident in experimental animals under set criteria of exposure.
      
      
2. All work with these substances should be conducted in a designated area, such as a fume hood, glove box, or a portion of a laboratory designated for use of chronically toxic substances. Such a designated area should be clearly marked with warning and restricted access signs.
   
   
3. Any procedure that may result in the generation of aerosols or vapors should be conducted in a hood whose performance is known to be satisfactory.
   
   
4. Skin contact should be avoided by using gloves and other protective apparel as appropriate. Any protective clothing should be removed before leaving the designated area and placed in a labeled container. Hands, arms, and neck should be washed after working with these materials.
   
   
5. Select carcinogens should be stored in unbreakable containers in a ventilated area with controlled access. All containers should be labeled with the identity and hazard of the substance. Immediately upon completion of the project, all unused reproductive toxin should be disposed of following standard hazardous waste disposal procedures.
   
   
6. Examples of select carcinogens are benzene, nickel metal dust, vinyl chloride, and formaldehyde.

I.        REFERENCES

 A Model Chemical Hygiene Plan, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1995. (ACS)

Chemical Hygiene Plan, Kentucky Department of Education: Frankfort, KY, 1990. (KY)

Hall, Stephen K., Chemical Safety in the Laboratory, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 1994. Kaufman, James, Personal Communication, Laboratory Safety Institute, Natick, MA,

October 1999 - March 2000. (JK)

Kaufman, James A., Laboratory Safety Guidelines, Laboratory Safety Institute, Natick, MA, 1999. (JK)

Maryland Science Safety Manual K – 12, Maryland Science Supervisors Association, Maryland State Department of Education, 1999 (DRAFT).

Mercier, Paul, Laboratory Safety Pocket Handbook, Genium Publishing, Schenectady, NY, 1996.

NFPA Standard 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA, 1996. (NFPA 30)

NFPA Standard 45, Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA, 1991. (NFPA 45)

Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories; Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 29 CFR Part 1910. 1450, Federal Register, Washington, DC, January 31, 1990. (Standard)

Prudent Practices in the Laboratory, Handling and Disposal of Chemicals, National Research Council, National Academy Press: Washington, DC, 1995. (Prudent)

Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories, 6th ed., American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1995. (ACS)

Science Safety Handbook for California Public Schools, California Department of Education, Sacramento, CA, 1999. (CA)

State of New Hampshire’s Hazardous Waste Rules; New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Concord, NH, 1994. (NH)

Student Laboratory Safety Agreement, Exeter High School Science Department, Exeter, NH, 2000. (EHS)

II.      ADDITIONAL SOURCES

American National Standard for Laboratory Ventilation, Z-9.5, American Industrial Hygiene Association, Fairfax, VA, 1993.

Chemical Storage Guidelines, New York State Department of Education, Albany, NY, 1999.

Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA, 1997.

Flinn Chemical & Biological Catalog Reference Manual 2000, Flinn Scientific Inc., Batavia, IL, 2000.

Furr, Keith A., CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety, 4th ed., CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1995. Gerlovich, Jack A. School Science Safety – Secondary, Flinn Scientific Inc., Batavia, IL, 1988. Kaufman, James A. Laboratory Safety and Health Audio Course, Kaufman & Associates, Natick,

MA, 1994.

Laboratory Waste Management, A Guidebook, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1994.

Manual of Safety and Health Hazards in the School Science Laboratory, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, 1984.

NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Superintendent of Documents, Washington, DC, 1997.

Pocket Guide to SDSs and Labels, Business and Legal Reports, Madison, CT, 1990.

Speaking of Safety, Laboratory Safety Institute, Natick, MA, 2000.

Wahl, George H., Reduction of Hazardous Wastes from High School Chemistry Laboratories,

Kaufman & Associates, Natick, MA, 1994.

Wood, Clair G., Safety in School Science Labs; Kaufman & Associates, Natick, MA, 1991.

Working Safely with Chemicals in the Laboratory, 2nd ed., Genium Publishing, Schenectady, NY, 1997.

Young, J. A., Kingsley, W. R., and Wahl. G. H. Jr., Developing A Chemical Hygiene Plan, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1990.

Young, J. A., Improving Safety in the Chemical Laboratory - A Practical Guide, Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY, 1991.